汽车传动系统外文翻译,汽车传动系统外文翻译怎么写

1.汽车的传动系统原理

2.关于车的传动系统？

3.求一篇外文及中文翻译。。。5000字，有关离合器变速箱的。多谢多谢，好的追加分

就是分数少了点

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32.7 Springs serving also as torque and thrust members

32.7 弹簧还可以作为扭力和推力构件

This system, Fig. 32.3, known as the Hotchkiss drive, is the most widely used.

此系统被称为霍奇基斯传动，如图32.3 所示，它是最为广泛使用的传动装置。

The springs A are rigidly bolted to the axle casing B. Their front ends are pivoted in brackets on the frame or vehicle structure, and their rear ends connected to the structure by means of either swinging links, or shackles C. or simply sliding in brackets as in Figs 35.7 and 37.18.

弹簧A 被螺栓紧固在轴箱B 上。它们的前端使用枢轴链接方式固定在框架或车辆结构上的支架内， 后端则通过摇杆、钩链C 或仅在支架上活动与结构连接在一起，如示图35.7 和37.18。

Obviously torque reaction causes the springs to flex, or wind up, as shown exaggeratedly in Fig. 32.4.

很显然反作用扭力促使弹簧弯曲或收卷，如示图32.4。

Brake torque of course would flex them in the opposite direction.

制动扭力当然会反方向使它们弯曲。

Since the front ends of the springs are anchored to the pins on the structure, they will transmit drive thrust and brake drag.

因为弹簧的前端部分被锚定在结构的销栓上，它们会传送驱动推力和制动阻力。

The freedom of their rear ends to move fore and aft of course allows for variations in the curvature, or camber, of the spring with vertical deflection.

它们后部的前后自由移动自然允许了弹簧垂直挠度的弯曲度和外倾角发生变化。

Wind-up of the springs under brake or drive torque causes the axle to rotate through a small angle, causing its nose either to lift, as in Fig. 32.4, or to drop.

在制动或驱动扭力的作用下，弹簧的收卷引发车桥小角度的转动，从而促使桥端尖端上升或下降，如示图32.4。

In the illustration, the spring wind-up has shifted the alignment of the final drive bevel pinion shaft from its normal attitude LO to LN, in which circumstances the propeller shaft would be subjected to severe bending loads were it not for the universal joints at O and M.

在示图中，弹簧的收卷已经将主减速器的圆锥小齿轮轴从正常属性LO转换到LN，在这种情况下，如果不是万向节在O 和M 位置的话，传动轴就会承受到巨大的弯曲负荷。

When the axle moves upwards relative to the carriage unit, it must move in the arc of a circle whose centre is approximately the axis of the pivot pin at the front end of the spring.

当车桥做相对于车架单元的向上移动时，它必须是在一个圆的圆弧上移动，这个圆的圆心大概在弹簧前端曲轴销的轴上。

The propeller shaft, on the other hand, must move on the arc of a circle centred on its front universal joint.

另一方面，驱动轴必须在以它的前万向节为圆心的圆上做圆弧运动。

Because these two centres are not coincident, the distance between the front universal joint and the forward end of the bevel pinion shaft will vary as the propeller shaft swings up and down.

由于这两个圆心并不在同一个位置上，当驱动轴上下摆动时，前万向节和圆锥小齿轮轴的前末端之间的距离不发生变化。

This variation is accommodated by the incorporation of a sliding joint somewhere in the drive line between the gearbox output shaft and bevel pinion in the axle.

在车桥内变速箱输出轴和圆锥小齿轮之间的传动轴装置上，某个位置的滑动接头共同调节这个变化。

Usually a sliding splined coupling is formed on a fork of one of the universal joints, but sometimes a universal joint of the pot type, as for example in Fig. 26.12, is used.

通常情况下，在其中一个万向节叉上就可以构成一个的滑动的齿槽联轴节， 但是有时候则使用球笼式万向节，如示图26.12。

The example illustrated is the Birfleld Rzeppa constant-velocity joint, another would be the very neat and simple universal joint used on the inner ends of the swinging halfshafts of the 1955 Fiat 600 rear-engine car.

示图中为球笼式等速万向节，而在1955菲亚特600后置发动机汽车上，摇摆半轴的内端上使用的万向节则非常轻巧简单。<

In the latter instance a rubber joint at the outboard end of each shaft accommodated the cyclic variations in velocity.

在下一个示图中，各个轴的外端上的橡胶接头则用来调节速度的周期性变化。

Rotation of the axle about a longitudinal axis, for example if one wheel only rises, is accommodated mainly by flexure of the springs, in a torsional sense, of rubber bushes, and by deflections of the shackles or within clearances in sliding end fittings.

如当只有一个车轮抬起时，则主要由弹簧的弯曲，从扭矩上说，橡胶衬套的弯曲，和钩链挠度或在滑动端连接件间的间隙来调节纵轴的轴转动。

For cross-country vehicles, however, special forms of connection of the spring ends to the frame are sometimes used to isolate the springs from such twisting effects.

但是对于越野汽车，弹簧端连接到车架的特殊连接形式有时用于防止弹簧受到扭曲影响。

Figs 37.13 to 37.15.

示图37.13 到示图 37.15。

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Copyright@2010 Lawrence All rights reserved

汽车的传动系统原理

传动系统一般由离合器、变速器、万向传动装置、主减速器、差速器和半轴等组成。其基本功用是将发动机发出的动力传给汽车的驱动车轮，产生驱动力，使汽车能在一定速度上行驶。传动系统的作用如下：1、实现降速增矩：发动机转速高而相应的转矩（牵引力）小，汽车驱动轮无法直接与发动机相连接，而要通过传动系统降低转速、增加转矩。2、保证汽车能倒车行驶：汽车在某些情况下需倒车，因发动机不能倒转，这需要通过变速器的倒档实现。3、在必要时中断动力的传递：起动发动机或汽车换档、制动时都要暂时中断动力的传递，此功能由离合器实现。在汽车长时间停车，或汽车虽停车但发动机还不熄火的情况下，都要求传动系统较长时间保持中断，这个功能由变速器的空档实现。4、实现两侧驱动轮差速转动：汽车转弯时，两侧车轮通过的距离不相等，外侧车轮应比内侧车轮转得快，由差速器来实现。

关于车的传动系统？

汽车的传动系统原理 汽车传动系统的原理：1、AT传动系统的结构与手动挡相比，在结构和使用上有很大的不同。手动挡主要由齿轮和轴组成，通过不同的齿轮组合产生变速变矩；2、而AT传动系统是由液力变矩器、行星齿轮和液压操纵系统组成，通过液力传递和齿轮组合的方式来达到变速变矩。其中液力变矩器是AT传动系统最具特点的部件，它由泵轮、涡轮和导轮等构件组成，它直接输入发动机动力并传递转矩，同时具有离合作用；3、泵轮和涡轮是一对工作组合，它们就好似相对放置的两台风扇，一台风扇吹出的风力会带动另一台风扇的叶片旋转，风力成了动能传递的媒介；4、如果用液体代替空气成为传递动能的媒介，泵轮就会通过液体带动涡轮旋转，再在泵轮和涡轮之间加上导轮，通过反作用力使泵轮和涡轮之间实现转速差就可以实现变速变矩了。 @2019

求一篇外文及中文翻译。。。5000字，有关离合器变速箱的。多谢多谢，好的追加分

按发动机 相对于各总成的位置，汽车传动系有下列5种布置形式

1）发动机 前置后轮驱动（FR）：Front-engine Rear-drive

·特点：是传统的布置形式，大多数货车、部分轿车和客车采用。

2）发动机 前置前轮驱动（FF）：Front-engine Front-drive

·特点：是在轿车上逐渐盛行的布置形式，具有结构紧凑、减小轿车的质量、降低地板的高度、改善高速时的操纵稳定性等优点。

3）发动机 中置后轮驱动（MR） Middle-engine Rear-drive

·特点：是目前大多数运动型轿车和方程式赛车所采用的布置形式。

4）发动机 后置后轮驱动（RR）： Rear-engine Rear-drive

·特点：目前大、中型客车盛行的布置形式，具有降低室内噪声、有利于车身内部布置等优点。

5）全轮驱动（nWD） 4Wheel Drive

·特点：有多个驱动桥，在变速器后加了一个分动器，其作用是把变速器输出的动力经几套万向传动装置分别传给所有的驱动桥，并可以进一步降速增扭。

离合器位于发动机与变速器之间，是发动机与变速器动力传递的“开关”，它是一种既能传递动力，又能切断动力的传动机构。它的作用主要是保证汽车能平稳起步，变速换

双离合变速箱(DCT)

挡时减轻变速齿轮的冲击载荷并防止传动系过载。在一般汽车上，汽车换档时通过离合器分离与接合实现，在分离与接合之间就有动力传递暂时中断的现象。这在普通汽车上没有什么影响，但在争分夺秒的赛车上，如果离合器掌握不好动力跟不上，车速就会变慢，影响成绩。

为了解决这个问题，早在上世纪80年代，汽车工程界就弄出了一个双离合系统变速器，简称DSG（英文全称：Direct Shift Gearbox），装配在赛车上，能消除换档离合时的动力传递停滞现象。例如 布加迪EBl6.4 Veyron的新型7速变速器是装置了双离合器，从一个档位换到另一个档位，时间不会超过0.2秒。现在，这种双离合器已经从赛车应用到一般跑车上。奥迪汽车公司的新型奥迪TT跑车和新奥迪A3都已经装置了这种DSG。这些汽车装配DSG的目的是可以比自动变速器更加平顺地换档，不会有迟滞现象。

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结构

双离合变速箱（DCT）也称直接换挡变速箱（DSG）。算下来它也有近70年的历史，但很长一段时间内这种变速箱并不为人所知，而真正应用在量产车上也是不久以前的事情。双离合变速箱优势很明显，但其内部结构相比下非常复杂。首先它有两组离合器分别由电子控制并由液压系统推动，而两组离合器分别对应两组行星齿轮，这样传动轴也相应复杂的被分为两部分，中心的实心传动轴负责一组齿轮，而空心传动轴负责另一组。可见双离合的内部构造几乎彻底颠覆了传统的变速箱形式。

双离合变速箱的工作原理可以简单理解为一个离合器对应奇数挡，另一离合器对应偶数挡。当车辆挂入一个挡位时，另一个离合器及对应的下一个挡位已经位于预备状态，只要当

双离合变速箱(DCT)

前挡位分离就可以立刻接合下一个挡位，因此双离合变速箱的换挡速度要比一般的自动变速箱甚至手动变速箱还快。此外双离合变速箱虽然内部复杂，但实际体积和重量相比自动变速箱而言并没有比手动变速箱增加多少，因此装备双离合变速箱的车型不会为自己平添过多的负担。

目前国内在售的装备双离合变速箱的车型屈指可数，具代表性的是大众旗下的迈腾、GTI、EOS以及尚酷，而装备双离合变速箱的速腾及朗逸也会在不久的将来上市。此外沃尔沃S40也有双离合版本。而保时捷的众多车型也都采用了双离合变速箱。

奥迪这种双离合系统变速器是一个整体，有6个档位，离合器与变速器装配在同一机构内，两个离合器互相配合工作。这好比喻一辆车有两套离合器，正司机控制一套，副司机控制另一套。正司机挂上1档松开离合踏板起步时，这时副司机也预先挂上2档但踩住离合踏板；当车速上来准备换档，正司机踩住离合踏板的同时副司机即松开离合踏板，2档开始工作。这样就省略了档位空置的一刹那，动力传递连续，有点象接力赛。双离合系统两套离合器传动系统，通过电脑控制协调工作。

当汽车正常行驶的时候，一个离合器与变速器中某一档位相连，将发动机动力传递到驱动轮；电脑根据汽车速度和转速对驾驶者的换档意图做出判断，预见性地控制另一个离合器与另一个档位的齿轮组相连，但仅处于准备状态，尚未与发动机动力相连。换档时第1个离合器断开，同时第2个离合器将所相连的齿轮组与发动机接合。除了空档之外，一个离合器处于关闭状态，另一个离合器则处于打开状态。

两根传动轴分别由第一、第二离合器控制与发动机动力的连接与断开，分别负责1、3、5档和2、4、6档的档位变换。考虑到零件使用寿命，设计人员选择了油槽膜片式离合器，离合器动作由液压系统来控制。

DSG变速器有什么优势呢？DSG变速器主要是要满足消费者对驾驶感觉和车辆节油的双重要求，为喜欢手动变速器的驾驶者提供了最佳选择。配备了DSG的发动机由于快速的齿轮转换能够马上产生牵引力和更大的灵活性，加速时间比手动变速器更加迅捷。

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优点

动力传输连贯 效率较

缺点 结构复杂 现阶段制造成本较高

英文

The clutch is located in engine and transmission between engine and transmission power transfer "switch", it is a kind already can transmit power, and can cut off power transmission mechanism. Its major functions is to guarantee the car can smooth start, variable speed change

Double on-off gearbox (DCT)

Block transmission gears when reduce the impact load and prevent transmission overload. In general bus, auto shift by clutch separation and joints when, in separation and realize between mating have power transfer temporary interruption phenomenon. In the ordinary bus no effect, but the clock in your car, if the clutch master bad power behind the speed will slow, affect scores.

In order to solve this problem, the early 1980s, the automotive engineering will make a double clutch system transmission, abbreviation vehicles.the (English name: Direct Shift Gearbox), assembly on the car, can eliminate shifting clutch of power transfer stagnation phenomenon. For example BuJiaDi EBl6.4 Veyron new 7 speed transmission is the device for double clutch, from a gear change to another gear, time can't exceed 0.2 seconds. Now, the double clutch has been applied to general from racing cars. Audi car company's new audi TT sports car and the new audi A3 have device the vehicles.the. These car assembly vehicles.the purpose is can more smoothly than automatic transmission gear shift, won't have hysteresis phenomenon.

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structure

Double on-off gearbox (DCT) also called directly shift gearbox (vehicles.the). Count down it also has the nearly 70 years of history, but for a very long time and this gearbox are unknown, and the genuine used in mass production car is not long ago things. Double on-off gearbox advantages obviously, but its internal structure by comparison is very complicated. First of all it has two clutches respectively by electronic control and push by hydraulic system, and two clutches corresponding two groups of planetary gear transmission, so also corresponding complex is divided into two parts, the center of solid shaft is responsible for a set of gear, and hollow shaft responsible for another group. Visible double re-rotating the internal structure of the almost overturned thoroughly traditional gearbox form.

The working principle of double on-off gearbox can be simple understanding for a clutch corresponding odd block, another clutch corresponding even block. When the vehicle hangs in a block, another clutch and corresponding next shift has been located in preparation condition, when

Double on-off gearbox (DCT)

Former gears separation is immediately jointing next shift gearbox, accordingly double on-off shift speed than the average gearbox even manual gearbox faster. Besides double on-off gearbox although internal complex, but the actual volume and weight compared with automatic transmission character and not how much more than manual gearbox, therefore equipment double on-off gearbox models not smooth too burdensome for himself.

At present domestic in the sale equipment double on-off gearbox models numbered, representative is public its Wallace GTI, EOS leaps, and still cool and equipped with double on-off gearbox soar team and loungyee will also listed in the near future. In addition S40 also have double Volvo re-rotating version. And many of the cars are porsche adopted dual on-off gearbox.

Audi the double clutch system transmission is a whole, there have been six gear, clutch and transmission assembly at the same facility, two clutch cooperate each other work. This good metaphor a car had two sets of clutch, are driver control a set, vice driver control another set. Are the driver hang 1 file loosen clutch pedal started, the deputy drivers advance hang pot 2 but trample clutch pedal, When the speed up ready to shift and are driver trample clutch pedal while vice driver namely loosen clutch pedal, second gear began to work. Thus omitted rotary-switching empty flash, continuous power transfer, and a bit like the relay race. Double clutch system two sets of clutch transmission system, through computer control coordination work.

When the automobile driving in a normal, a clutch and transmission of a gear are linked together, the engine power transfer to the drive wheels, Computer based on the speed and speed for driver shifting intention judgement, foresight to control another clutch with another gear gears connected, but only is in the ready state, has not yet connected with engine power. Shift when first clutch disconnect, at the same time the first 2 clutch will have connected gears and engine joint. Besides, a clutch except gap is closed, another clutch is in the open.

Two root transmission shaft respectively by first and second clutch to control and engine power connection and disconnected, are respectively responsible for 1, 3, 5 files and 2, 4 and 6 shifting gear transform. Considering the parts service life, the designer chose tanker diaphragm type clutch, clutch action by the hydraulic system to control.

What's the advantage of vehicles.the transmission? Vehicles.the transmission is mainly to consumer demand for driving sensation and vehicle fuel-efficient double request, for manual transmission drivers like provides the best choice. Equipped with vehicles.the engine because of fast gear conversion can arise immediately traction and greater flexibility, acceleration time than manual transmission more quick.

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advantages

Power transmission coherent with higher efficiency

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faults